
Hi Community – here is your weekly meanderings through the process of living life as ambassadors of the Kingdom of God. Just some reminders of upcoming events and thoughts:
1 – We had a great gathering last night – spent some time praying and sharing and then “plowed” into what will dominate our study time for a number of months – the Gospel of Luke. I have attached a general ‘overview’ of some of the issues in the background of this gospel. Please download the sheet and take a peak at it.
2 – This is what we are going to do at upcoming community gatherings (from a “study” perspective):
I am going to select a text from Luke for the upcoming gathering
I am going to challenge you to read it, study it and meditate upon it for a week prior to the gathering
I am going to guide you through some steps which will help you “think through” the text prior to the gathering (see below)
When we gather, I will have the text printed out on a sheet of paper with the “parallel” texts from Matthew and Mark for us to see how Luke uses the life and story of Jesus in his own “unique” manner
THEN – we will all do the teaching together. I have a desire to not necessarily be the “lead” on the teaching every time we gather. In fact, one of our values in community is to encourage the giftedness and insights of every member of our community. Hey, God can speak in and to and through anybody (ask Balaam). So, more to come...
Six Steps in preparation for the gathering:
Textual Study
1. What do you see?
2. What do you THINK about what you see?
3. What do you think the people at Jesus’ time were thinking about when they were participating in this event?
4. What do you think the original audience of this text was thinking when they read it?
5. What do you think is the meaning of the text?
6. What do you think is one way to apply the text’s meaning to our lives?
3 – Brennan Manning is THIS week – our community will be spending the weekend together at the Brennan Manning event in Nampa. Below is the schedule:
“Healing our Image of God and Ourselves” – this event should be powerful. Brennan has written some powerful books including Ragamuffin Gospel and Abba’s Child.
Friday Night:
6:30pm Worship Time
7:00pm Brennan Manning
Saturday:
9:00am Worship Time
9:30am Brennan Manning
Lunch with our Community – we will choose together
2:00pm Worship Time
2:30pm Brennan Manning
3:30pm Finished
YLI will be having a booth at the event...I Vicky and I will be getting there a bit early. If you want to come with us, cool! If not, meet us there. I have all the tickets. PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE let me know asap if you are going and when you are going. Okie Dokie??
Directions to College Church of the Nazarene (Nampa) – I84 to exit 35. Turn Right on Nampa Blvd. Stay on this road (it will become Yale St. and then 7th Street). Come to 16th Ave. Take a Right on 16th Ave. When the road begins to curve left, turn into the NNU campus and take an immediate left. At the stop sign, take a Right on Dewey. College Church is on the right.
4 – Chaya came up with some good ideas on the “name” of our nameless community. She was working with the idea of Mosaic (although there is another big church by that name in SoCal)...one synonym for mosaic is “montage”...another is “medley”...that’s kinda cool. She was working with the concept of pieces together, making a bigger picture of something beautiful...I don’t know. Ask her...she’s the artist. Anyway, ideas are still welcome.
That’s all for now!
Love to each of you in Jesus,
Robin
General Overview of Luke
The people who wrote what we now call the four gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John) had to make decisions like this - they all believed that Jesus was the Messiah promised in the Old Testament, the One who was to come to usher in the kingdom of God. But they could not possibly include every detail about everything Jesus did and said. They had to be selective in what they related to their audience. So how did they go about writing the story about Jesus?
All four writers had their own unique perspective. Imagine you and several friends out for a casual dinner one night...imagine that you witness a car accident. The police arrive and take a statement of how you each witnessed the accident. Do you know why they would do that? Because each of you would see the accident from a unique vantage point. That are so many things occuring in the life of Jesus. John wrote in John 21 that the words and works of Jesus could fill countless books. So, how did they do it? Truthfully, they wrote from their own unique perspective and with a passion to communicate the "story" of Jesus from that vantage point.
• Matthew seems more Jewish in his presentation, so his main targeted audience was the Jews.
• Mark's gospel is thought to be the memoirs of Simon Peter and aimed at the Romans.
• Luke's story was apparently aimed at the Greeks.
These three gospels essentially tell the same story and are known as the synoptic gospels (syn = "together"; optic = "to see"--hence, "to see together"), since they are so similar. The gospel of John is about 92% unique. Only about 8% of John can be found in Matthew, Mark or Luke. John's goal was to convince all readers of Jesus' divinity and seems to focus on the last week of Jesus' life. John's gospel is deeper relationally giving the reader a feel for the intimacy with Jesus that revolutionized people's lives.
Unfortunately, we don't have Luke around to ask him about his works - so we are now left with having to see what scholars have to say about Luke.
The following discussion is to provide you with the current scholarly views of Luke's gospel. It is by no means exhaustive, and functions mainly to give you an introduction to the issues in the study of this gospel.
What Are Scholars Saying About the Gospel of Luke?
a. The first thing “they” (scholars and interpreters) are saying about Luke is that Luke is an important book to read, however, there is disagreement over whether Luke should be read as scripture or as literature.
b. A second thing that they are saying about the Gospel of Luke is that there is a relationship of some type between the gospel of Luke and the Book of Acts.
c. A third thing they are saying is that there is a literary relationship of some type between the gospel of Luke and the gospels of Matthew and Mark.
We know that there is some kind of relationship between the first three gospels. This is why they are called the synoptic gospels (“synoptic” means “seeing together” a word first used by J.J. Griesbach in 1776). The question is "what is this relationship?"
Let us review two explanations:
1. One theory is that Mark was the first gospel and that Matthew and Luke knew and copied Mark. To explain material common to Matthew and Luke but not in Mark, scholars postulate the existence of Q (short for Quelle a German word meaning “source”). This is called the 2-source hypothesis. Many scholars also postulate an L source for material peculiar to Luke and an M source for material peculiar to Matthew thus turning the 2-source hypothesis into a 4-source hypothesis. However, for the purposes of this class we will refer only to the 2-source version of this hypothesis.
2. There is a competing theory. According to this other theory, Matthew was the first gospel. Luke knew and copied Matthew. And Mark knew and used both Matthew and Luke to create an abbreviated version of the gospel. This is known as the 2-gospel hypothesis.
Most scholars today base their work on the two-source (Markan priority) hypothesis. There are others who ascribe to the Two-gospel hypothesis (Matthean priority).
d. A fourth thing that they are saying is that while many are agreed that someone called Luke wrote Luke and Acts, there are those who doubt that he was the same Luke spoken of in church tradition as the companion of Paul the Apostle.
It was the early church fathers Irenaeus (130-200 AD) Bishop of Lyons, France and Tertullian (160-225 AD) of Carthage who tell us that the author of Luke and Acts was the same Luke who was a companion of Paul. We also have this testimony in the Muratorian Canon (170 AD) and the Anti-Marcionite Prologue to the Gospel of Luke (170 AD).
The testimony of the early church fathers is partially confirmed by:
1. The opening verses of the gospel of Luke (1:1-4) and the book of Acts (1:1-2) which at least shows that the two documents were addressed to the same person by the same author,
2. The “we” passages of Acts (“we crossed over to Macedonia” “we set sail to Troas” “we came to Rome”-Acts 16:10-17; 20:5-15; 21:1-18; 27:1-28), which show that the author of Luke-Acts was indeed a companion of Paul the Apostle,
3. The statements of Paul the Apostle in Colossians 4:14 and 2 Timothy 4:11 and Philemon 24 which show that a man named Luke was indeed a companion of Paul the Apostle, and
4. The absence of any other reason to ascribe Luke-Acts to someone as relatively insignificant as Luke if it was not the truth.
e. A fifth thing that they are saying is that Luke is more of a historian than we have previously recognized.
f. A sixth thing that they are saying is that he is more of a theologian than we have previously recognized
g. A seventh thing they are saying is that Luke is more of a literary artist than we have previously recognized
h. An eighth thing that they are saying about the gospel of Luke is that Luke recognizes the role and significance of women in the ministry of Jesus and the history of the early church.
i. A ninth thing they are saying about the gospel of Luke is that Luke had a special concern for the poor and their place in society.
j. A tenth and final thing they are saying about the gospel of Luke is that Luke has his own case to make about Jesus.
Authorship
The central question we are dealing with here is this: does the Gospel of Luke put us in touch with the eyewitness period of gospel tradition? Is the author of the gospel of Luke someone who was himself connected to actual eyewitnesses of Jesus’ life, death, and resurrection? Is the author of the gospel of Luke (and the book of Acts) really the same Luke who was the companion of Paul the Apostle?
A point needs to be made here. What makes the gospels authoritative for us is that they are eyewitness accounts of the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus. By eyewitness accounts, we mean that they actually came from the pen of those who walked and talked with Jesus of Nazareth or they came from the pen of someone who knew those who walked and talked with Jesus of Nazareth. Those who actually walked and talked with Jesus may be called primary witnesses. Those who walked and talked with those who walked and talked with Jesus may be called secondary witnesses. The writings of secondary witnesses are still considered authoritative, first because of their close contact and fellowship with primary witnesses and because they produced their writings while the primary witnesses were still alive. This means that it is not likely that anyone would write something that was untrue while the primary witnesses were still around to check and evaluate it.
In our New Testament canon, early church tradition has identified the authors of two of our gospels as primary witnesses and two as secondary witnesses. The two primary witnesses, of course, are Matthew and John. The two secondary witnesses are Mark, who was a companion of Paul and Peter, and Luke, who was a companion of Paul.
The question is, is early church tradition correct in all four cases? We will have to leave this question in regard to Matthew, Mark, and John for a class in Matthew, Mark, and John. We will raise this question in regard to Luke.
We have already considered the evidence for the authorship of Luke-Acts by the same Luke who was the companion of Paul the Apostle:
1. The testimony of the early church fathers (Irenaeus, Tertullian, Muratorian Canon, the Anti-Marcionite Prologue to the Gospel of Luke), that Luke, the companion of Paul, was the author of both Luke and Acts.
2. The opening verses of Luke (1:1-4) and Acts (1:1-2) which partially confirms the testimony of the church fathers by showing that Luke and Acts were sent to the same person by the same author,
3. The four “we” passages of Acts (16:10-17; 20:5-15; 21:1-18; 27:1-28:16), which partially confirm the testimony of the church fathers by showing that the author of Luke-Acts was a companion of Paul,
4. The statements of Paul the Apostle himself (in Colossians 4:14; 2 Timothy 4:11; Philemon 23-24) which partially confirm the testimony of the church fathers by showing that a man named Luke was indeed the companion of Paul the Apostle,
5. The absence of any other reason for ascribing Luke-Acts to someone as relatively insignificant as Luke if it was not the truth.
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